Nitrogen deficiency

Growth small; stems erect and thin, branching suppressed; leaves erect, pale green or yellow; early defoliation of lower leaves.

Phosphorus deficiency

Stems thin and upright; branching restricted; leaves dull green.

Calcium deficiency

Tip growths chlorotic; stems collapse and tip portions die.

Calcium deficiency (soil acidity complex)

Field plants showing chlorosis and die-back of tip growths on acid soil.

Magnesium deficiency

Older leaves tip yellowing, changing to browning.

Potassium deficiency

Leaves browning of tips.

Iron deficiency

Severe chlorosis, especially near tips.

Manganese deficiency

Stunting; yellowing of tip leaves (cf. Plate No. 049, boron deficiency).

Boron deficiency

Stems thickened and stiff; tip leaves yellow and fail to expand; growing points die (cf. Plate No. 048, manganese deficiency).